Cocaine can be administered through several common routes. These include snorting the substance, injecting it intravenously, or inhaling it through smoking.

Methods of Cocaine Administration

Crack is a potent, smokable, freebase version of cocaine.

Crack Cocaine

Cocaine acts as an agonist in the dopamine neurotransmitter system by blocking dopamine reuptake at the neuronal synapse.

Cocaine's Mechanism of Action

A drug is known to be a stimulant that primarily acts on the dopamine neurotransmitter system. Which of the following best analyzes the expected psychological and physiological effects resulting from this mechanism?

The freebase version of cocaine, known as crack, is a potent, smokable version of the drug.

Crack

Like many other stimulants, cocaine agonizes the dopamine neurotransmitter system by blocking the reuptake of dopamine in the neuronal synapse.

Cocaine Mechanism of Action

Cocaine is a stimulant drug that carries a high potential for abuse. As a stimulant, it affects the dopamine neurotransmitter system.

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* Cocaine
* Amphetamines (including methamphetamine)
* Cathinones (i.e., bath salts)
* MDMA (ecstasy)
* Nicotine
* Caffeine

Examples of Stimulants

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Methamphetamine is a highly addictive type of amphetamine that has become increasingly widespread. Its popularity is partly due to its accessibility and low cost, as it can be synthesized from readily available ingredients like pseudoephedrine, a compound found in many over-the-counter cold and flu remedies. Despite laws designed to restrict access to such precursors, methamphetamine remains a popular drug option. It is often available in a potent, smokable form known as 'crystal meth,' which is particularly addictive because it rapidly enters the brain, creating an intense but brief euphoria that encourages repeated use.

Methamphetamine

Cocaine

Amphetamines are a class of psychostimulant drugs that accelerate the transmission of messages between the brain and the body. While some forms are prescribed by doctors to treat conditions like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), they are also frequently produced and used illicitly, carrying a significant potential for abuse.

Amphetamines

MDMA, or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, is a mild stimulant with perception-altering effects, commonly known as 'ecstasy' or 'Molly'. It is typically ingested in pill form and produces effects such as increased energy, feelings of pleasure, and emotional warmth. While it has stimulant properties, its classification is debated due to its hallucinogenic effects and chemical similarity to amphetamines.

MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly)

Caffeine is a stimulant drug, notable for being the most commonly used psychoactive substance in the world and is generally considered relatively safe. People typically use it to increase alertness, arousal, and energy. Despite its widespread use, its effects are significantly less potent than other major stimulants like amphetamines.

Caffeine

Nicotine is a highly addictive substance primarily consumed through tobacco products. Its use is associated with significant health dangers, including an elevated risk of heart disease, stroke, and various forms of cancer.

Nicotine

Based on the described effects, which general class of psychoactive drugs did the student most likely consume? Justify your answer by linking the student's experiences to the known physiological and psychological effects of this drug class.

Identifying Drug Class by Effects

Cathinones, commonly known as bath salts, are a category of stimulant drugs that tend to increase overall levels of neural activity.

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