 - Therapeutic target range from basic perceptual skills from bottom up to higher-level cognitive skills using the top-down approach.
 - "bottom up" approach: train­ing on lower-­level sensory processing to impact neuroplastic processes which are thought to generalize to higher­-level cognitive and functional outcomes.
 - "top down" approach: the assumption that improvements will generalize to lower level and community functioning.

Therapeutic target

This dimension of cognitive remediation can range from self­-directed administration of cognitive training exercises with minimal thera­pist involvement to integrated cognitive training exercises with additional strat­egy monitoring, bridging, or other psy­chosocial treatments.


Therapeutic modality

Therapeutic target range from basic perceptual skills from bottom up to higher-level cognitive skills using the top-down approach.

 - Cognitive remediations of schizophrenia are more encouraging than pharmacological approaches, with focus on two broad terms: therapeutic target and therapeutic modality.
 - Such treatments are also found to be able to generalize to improvements in community functioning.

Colby College

There are mixed results from both pharmacological and cognitive perspectives of the interventions for nonsocial cognitive impairments of schizophrenia. Emerging evidence from other perspectives may also be rewarding with future explorations.

Interventions for nonsocial cognitive impairments

Green, M. F., Horan, W. P., &amp; Lee, J. (2019). Nonsocial and social cognition in schizophrenia: Current evidence and Future Directions. World Psychiatry, 18(2), 146–161. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20624 

Nonsocial and social cognition in schizophrenia: current evidence and future directions

 - Most studies of pharmacological interventions have focused on glutamatergic and cholinergic agents, with fewer targeting on other neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, GABA, and noradrenaline.
 - These agents are not consistently successful in improving cognition and functioning of patients with schizophrenia.
 - Researches are still in progress to find effective pharmacological interventions for schizophrenia.

Pharmacological approaches

Cognitive remediation

 - The combination of cognitive remediation and pharmacological therapies.
 - The use of non-pharmacological augmentation approaches intend to promote neuroplasticity, such as physical exercise and neurostimulation.

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