Military personnel are expected to undergo severe stress while conducting complex cognitive operations. The demand to perform such mental and physical tasks has created the concept of "tactical athletes". Having an impaired sense of cognitive performance due to extreme stress can end up affecting the success of military operations and the livelihood of servicemen and women. It is then important to understand the nature of such stress experienced by military personnel and the resilience of cognitive functioning to such stress. This article integrates the current literature revolving on cognitive resilience to psychological stress from a Transactional Theory of Stress while providing future directions.