- Toulmin’s argumentation model
Measures five variables: 
Claim 
Warrant 
Evidence
Counter-reasoning
Rebuttal
- Inter-rater reliability was determined by having two researchers who graduated with a science education background and experience in argument constructions 

Measurement 1 in "Text-Based Cognitive Tool Vs Concept Maps"

- Kay and Klestskin’s multimedia learning resources (5-point Likert scale was used)
Usefulness
Ease of use
Helpfulness on collaboration 
Willingness to use  


Measurement 2 in "Text-Based Cognitive Tool Vs Concept Maps"

Texted-based Online Visual Cognitive Tools (Shimo) allows collectively adding linear texts and tables (similar to google docs/ slides/ excel)

Claremont Graduate University

Help learners demonstrate logical and structural understanding of distinct concepts for critical thinking, knowledge representation, and meaning-making processes

Cognitive tools

Su, G., &amp; Long, T. (2021). Is the text-based cognitive tool more effective than the concept map on improving the pre-service teachers’ argumentation skills? Thinking Skills and Creativity, 41, 100862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100862 

Is the text-based cognitive tool more effective than the concept map on improving the pre-service teachers’ argumentation skills?

Cognitive tool (1) in "Text-Based Cognitive Tool Vs Concept Maps"

- Texted-based Online Visual Cognitive Tools (Shimo)
allows collectively adding linear texts and tables (similar to google docs/ slides/ excel)
- Visual Concept Map (ProcessOn)
allows collectively adding graphic models that form a concept in showing the users thought process


Cognitive tool (2) in "Text-Based Cognitive Tool Vs Concept Maps"

It is generally accepted that a single underlying factor of cognitive abilities exists, known as the general intelligence factor or, simply put, the ‘g’ factor. This factor of measurement is believed to correlate to measurements of more specific forms of cognitive abilities like reasoning, language, memory, visual perception, auditory perception, creativity and speed.

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