Colitis is the inflammation of the large intestine. It can lead to serious and even fatal symptoms, and commonly affects patients who are immunosuppressed or undergoing antibiotic treatments that disrupt the normal gut microbiota.

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Inflammation is the overall response of the body to injury or invasion, it brings the response to the infection. Inflammation helps eliminate the infection, repair the damage and remove any debris caused by the infection or by the response. The hallmarks of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, pain, sometimes also loss of function. The added events that take place during inflammation are added blood supply and capillary permeability and migration of neutrophils then macrophages to the site. 

Inflammation

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Rice GI, Forte GM, Szynkiewicz M, Chase DS, Aeby A, Abdel-Hamid MS, Ackroyd S, Allcock R, Bailey KM, Balottin U, Barnerias C, Bernard G, Bodemer C, Botella MP, Cereda C, Chandler KE, Dabydeen L, Dale RC, De Laet C, De Goede CG, Del Toro M, Effat L, Enamorado NN, Fazzi E, Gener B, Haldre M, Lin JP, Livingston JH, Lourenco CM, Marques W Jr, Oades P, Peterson P, Rasmussen M, Roubertie A, Schmidt JL, Shalev SA, Simon R, Spiegel R, Swoboda KJ, Temtamy SA, Vassallo G, Vilain CN, Vogt J, Wermenbol V, Whitehouse WP, Soler D, Olivieri I, Orcesi S, Aglan MS, Zaki MS, Abdel-Salam GM, Vanderver A, Kisand K, Rozenberg F, Lebon P, Crow YJ. Assessment of interferon-related biomarkers in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome associated with mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, and ADAR: a case-control study. Lancet Neurol. 2013 Dec;12(12):1159-69. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70258-8. Epub 2013 Oct 30. PMID: 24183309; PMCID: PMC4349523.

Assessment of interferon-related biomarkers in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome associated with mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, and ADAR: a case-control study

AGS is a heritable disease characterized by Mendelian inheritance laws. Clinically, AGS is an inflammatory disorder consisting of microcephaly, spasticity, dystonia psychomotor retardation and childhood death in 35% of cases. Recent evidence links the pathogenesis of AGS, specifically the overproduction of immunostimulatory nucleic acids, to the expression of type I interferon. 

Aicardi Goutieres Syndrome

White blood cells, like monocytes and macrophages, present in inflamed tissues and release substances, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, that induce an inflammatory phenotype Dysfunction of this natural process can produce prolonged inflammation leading to periodic fevers, rashes and severe pain. 

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