In this study, collective intelligence is defined as a specific group’s ability to perform well across a range of different tasks. Overall cognitive diversity, group interaction, communication, and individual skills, like social perceptiveness, can be seen to influence Collective Intelligence. The collective intelligence of a group is a significant predictor of its performance on these tasks, while the average individual intelligence of group members is, surprisingly, not. Overall, collective intelligence is thought to emerge from both bottom-up and top-down processes. These processes can either be beneficial or detrimental to group performance.  

Collective Intelligence's predictability on Group Performance

Bottom-up processes are the sum of individual group member characteristics that contribute to collaboration.

Bottom-up processes in groups

Top-down processes involve group structures, norms, and routines that guide collective behavior. 

Top-down processes in groups

Scholars are interested in how collective intelligence can influence a group's performance. They are also interested in whether collective intelligence can be used to predict group performance. 

Albion College

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

The ability of a number of individuals to work cohesively in order to complete a variety of physical and academic tasks.

Group Performance

Collective Intelligence can be measured through the actions of a group and their ability to efficiently perform a variety of tasks. More specifically through a comparison of the group's ability to perform one task which is then correlated with the same group's ability to perform a variety of other tasks. 

Measurement of Collective Intelligence 

Woolley, A. W., Aggarwal, I., & Malone, T. W. (2015). Collective intelligence and group performance. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(6), 420-424.

Collective Intelligence and Group Performance

Collective Intelligence's influence on group performance 

Below is a list of possible group tasks that can be used to measure Collective Intelligence: 
visual puzzles, negotiating/rationing limited resources, moral-reasoning problems, brainstorming, etc. 

Collective Intelligence Tasks

- Information entropy equation
- Last-on-the-bus value
- Shapley value
- Diversity theorem

Mathematical Models of Collective Intelligence

An intelligence test the measure the objective intelligence of a group the way that inelligence tests measure the intelligence of an individual. There are no widely used or created tests like this that exist. 

Intelligence Test for Groups

- Group Performance
- Speed of Learning in a Group
- Group Performance in Video Games

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