In screening for Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a physician may recommend both a Pap smear to identify abnormal cervical cells and an HPV test to detect the virus itself, offering higher diagnostic assurance if both test results are negative.

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A Pap smear is a cervical screening procedure used to detect abnormal cervical cells and cytopathic effects associated with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

Pap Smear

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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