A relationship in which the biological success of one of the organisms is reduced by the presence of the other.

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- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism
- Neutralism
- Amensalism
- Competition

Types of Symbiotic Relationships

Begon, M., J.L. Harper and C.R. Townsend. 1996. Ecology: individuals, populations, and communities, Third Edition. Blackwell Science Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Ecology: individuals, populations, and communities

Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship in which each symbiont benefits overall from the relationship

Mutualism

Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship in which only one of the symbionts benefits from the relationship, but neither is harmed.

Commensalism

Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont (the parasite) benefits while the other (the host) is harmed.

Parasitism

Amensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont is harmed or killed by another symbiont who is unaffected by the first.

Amensalism

Neutralism is a symbiotic relationship in which the organisms interact but do not have any effect on each other (or in practice, an insignificant effect).

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