- Gives negative charge
- Major antigenic determinant
- Transport ions
- Anchoring
- External permeability barrier

Functions of Teichoic Acid

The cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, a mucopeptide (formed by N acetyl glucosamine & N acetyl muramic acid) linked to peptide chains. Teichoic acids are embedded into the cell wall and may be linked to lipids (Lipoteichoic acid). These Lipotechoic acids connect peptidoglycan to the cytoplasmic membrane and gives the cell wall its rigidity. 

Tulane University

The cell wall in bacterial cells is very rigid and provides a stable shape to the cell. It is essential for bacterial growth and division. It is important in preventing the cell from bursting from osmotic pressure changes.

Cell Wall

Al-mohanna, Moshtaq & H., quine. (2016). MORPHOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA. 

Morphology and Classification of Bacteria

The cell wall cannot be observed through light microscopy or simple stains. It may be demonstrated by microdissection, reaction with specific antibodies, mechanical rupture of the cell, differential staining procedures or by electron microscopy.

Viewing the Cell Wall

Composition of the Cell Wall

Gram Positive vs. Gram Negative Bacteria

The outer membrane is only found in gram-negative bacteria and serves as the first barrier to the external surroundings. It is composed of lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids. 

Outer Membrane

Peptidoglycan makes up the cell walls of bacteria. It is composed of alterating long chain molecules called N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM). NAM and NAG are connected to each other with peptide bridges. Peptidoglycan is only in bacteria which makes it a key target for antibiotics.

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