People are less likely to recognize disinformation if it is given in a culturally fluent manner because they are less likely to feel suspicious, sense something is amiss, and move to systematic reasoning in these cases.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- Bruner and Postman (1949) asked American college students to recognize shapes (hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades) that had mismatched colors (i.e. a red spade)
- They noted that the students were slower to recognize these mismatched shapes than the shapes that were their "normal" color (i.e. a “black” spade) because they applied their culture-based knowledge automatically

Bruner and Postman Shape Study

Oyserman, D., & Dawson, A. (2020). Your fake news, our facts: Identity-based motivation shapes what we believe, share, and accept. In R. Greifeneder, M. Jaffé, E. J. New- man, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), The psychology of fake news: Accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation (pp. 173–195). London: Routledge. 

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