Corporate Response to a New Tax

An economy is characterized by firms that have some control over the prices they charge for their products. The government unexpectedly imposes a new, significant tax on all imported raw materials used by these firms. Assuming the level of competition between firms remains unchanged, what is the most likely immediate outcome of this new tax?

Firm Response to Supply Cost Shocks

Consider an economy where firms have significant power to set their own prices. If the government imposes a new, permanent tax on all business inputs, the most likely long-term outcome is a reduction in the firms' average share of revenue kept as profit, assuming the level of competition between firms does not change.

Profit Share and Market Power

In an economy where firms generally set prices as a fixed markup over their production costs, a new nationwide labor agreement leads to a 10% increase in the nominal wages for all workers. Assuming the level of competition between firms and their desired profit margins remain unchanged, what is the most probable immediate outcome?

A company manufactures a product with a total production cost of $100 per unit. It sells the product for$120, achieving a $20 profit per unit. The company's pricing strategy is to maintain a constant profit margin, calculated as a percentage of its total costs. If a sudden increase in raw material expenses raises the total production cost by$10 per unit, what will the new selling price be if the company adheres to its pricing strategy?

An industry, where firms have historically maintained stable profit shares by adjusting prices, experiences two simultaneous changes. First, the cost of a universal key input rises for all producers. Second, deregulation allows several new competitors to enter the market. Given these two events, what is the most probable outcome for the average profit share of the established firms in this industry?

Consider two distinct industries within the same economy. Industry A is highly competitive, with numerous firms and low barriers to entry. Industry B is an oligopoly, dominated by a few large firms with substantial market power. Both industries are suddenly faced with an identical, significant increase in the cost of a key raw material. Assuming firms in both industries aim to protect their profit shares, what is the most probable outcome regarding their pricing strategies?

An economy consists of firms that set prices as a markup over their costs. Match each economic event with its most likely impact on firms' pricing and profit share.