Concept

Constitutional Amendments and Referenda

One of the most drastic ways for autocrats to consolidate power—and one of the most effective—is to pass constitutional amendments or entirely new constitutions to their benefit. This way, even if their opponents take back power, it is difficult for them to undo the legal changes that autocrats passed because constitutional amendments normally require large majorities of support. Autocrats who have pursued constitutional changes successfully include Hugo Chávez in Venezuela and Viktor Orbán in Hungary.

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Updated 2021-07-26

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