- Physical or behavioral similarities that are caused by convergent evolution 

Homoplasy

- When faced with similar environmental demands, distantly related species may evolve to have similar behaviors/physical features

Smith College

As evolution takes place, similar adaptations (physical or behavioral) can be found in different populations through the following: 
- convergent evolution 
- common ancestry
- analogy 

Similarities within Adaptations

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Convergent Evolution

- Structures that may serve the same purpose, but are physically different
- For example, the hand of a human, versus the trunk of an elephant

Analogy

- Physical similarities caused by common ancestry 

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