- Environment: Where the system "lives".
- Goal: The goal states the ideal relationship between the system and the environment.
- Sensor: The sensor detects changes in the environment.
- Comparator:  The comparator compares the current state of the environment to the desired state (the goal).
- Actuator: The actuator receives feedback from comparator to make changes to the environment

New York University

Systems design is a structured, rigorous, and holistic design approach that focuses on context and is particularly appropriate for complex problems. In systems design, it is the system (that is, the people, computers, objects, devices, and so on) that the center of attention, while the users' role is to set the goals of the system.

Systems Design

Saffer, D. (2010) Designing for Interaction: Creating Smart Applications and Clever Devices (2nd edn). New Riders Press, Indianapolis, IN.

Sharp, Helen. Interaction Design (p. 610). Wiley. Kindle Edition. 

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