- Systematic reviews of the literature to inform the process
- Qualitative research with physicians and patients
- Group discussions 
- Structured surveys


Methods of COS

- A minimum consensus-based set of results that should be measured and reported in all clinical trials for a specific health condition or intervention 
- Need to reach a consensus on core outcome domains and core outcome measurement instruments 

The issues COS addresses:
- Selective reporting and inconsistency between studies 


University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

To combat the struggles of using public and patient participation, there are a few rules that researchers can implement to get the best out of the situation:
- Ongoing support and implementation 
- Training building
- Inclusion process
- Building trust and community and reinforcing patients value and validity 


Overcoming Public Involvement Obstacles in Health Research

M, G.-M., C, A.-P., B, H. A. W., Js, J., A, B.-C., & Ks, K. (2020, October 31). Patient and public involvement in sexual and Reproductive Health: Time to properly integrate citizen's input into science. International journal of environmental research and public health. Retrieved November 16, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663614/. 


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