Social exchange theory's cost-benefit analysis is often visualized using a balance scale. This metaphor places 'positives or benefits' on one side and 'negatives or costs' on the other. A relationship is considered favorable and likely to be maintained when the benefits outweigh the costs, depicted by the 'benefits' side of the scale being lower and thus appearing heavier.

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Social exchange theory posits that individuals act like 'naïve economists' in their relationships, seeking to maximize benefits while minimizing costs. According to this theory, people are most satisfied when the benefits of a relationship outweigh or are equal to the costs. Conversely, dissatisfaction arises and the relationship is less likely to be maintained if the costs are perceived as greater than the benefits.

Social Exchange Theory in Relationships

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Cost-Benefit Analysis in Social Exchange Theory (Balance Scale Metaphor)

Applying social exchange theory to a romantic relationship involves weighing its pros and cons. Potential benefits include companionship, intimacy, passion, and the comfort of familiarity. On the other hand, costs might involve the risk of boredom over time or the financial expenses of shared activities like going to the movies or dinner. The relationship is likely to continue as long as the partners perceive the benefits to be greater than the costs.

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