Data were used from a case series of 43 patients, a public data set of the first 37 cases of patients who died of COVID-19 and 1,019 patients who survived in China, and information about 524 patients with SARS (139 deaths) from Beijing in 2003. 

Gender Differences in Patients With COVID-19: Focus on Severity and Mortality: Background Information

A study of 140 COVID-19 patients in China showed an equal sex distribution, but a study of critically ill COVID-19 patients found men to be more affected (67%) compared to woman. In the most recent report of 1099 COVID-19 patients from 552 Hospitals in over 30 provinces of China, 58% of the patients were men. Overall, these data indicate men may be more susceptible to the virus. 

Sex difference and smoking predisposition in patients with COVID-19: Results

- The Iwasaki Group examined sex differences in viral loads, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers, plasma cytokines, as well as blood cell phenotyping in COVID-19 patients with moderate disease who had not received immunomodulatory medications. 

- The study revealed that male patients had higher plasma levels of innate immune cytokines such as IL-8 and IL-18 along with more robust induction of non-classical monocytes. In contrast, female patients mounted significantly more robust T cell activation than male patients during SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was sustained in old age. 

- Researchers also found that a poor T cell response negatively correlated with patients’ age and was associated with worse disease outcome in male patients, but not in female patients. Conversely, higher innate immune cytokines in female patients associated with worse disease progression, but not in male patients. 

Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes

Smith College

- Age
- Education
- Employment
- Ethnicity
- Gender
- Income
- Marital status
- Race





Case Demographics of Patients with COVID-19

Median age of cases was 47.5 years old, and range was 6-months to 94 years old. Age group with the most confirmed cases was 65 or older with 48 cases (18.3%). Cases were evenly distributed betwee sexes. 

Case Demographics in Beijing, China

Between December 8, 2019, and February 6, 2020, 9 infants were identified as testing positive for COVID-19 and being hospitalized. 

Case Demographics of Infants in China with COVID-19

- Infants (Under 1 Year)
- Children (1-14 years)
- Youth (15-24 years)
- Adults (25-64 years)
- Seniors (65 years and over)

Classification of COVID-19 Studies by Age Groups

As of May 6, 2020, preliminary case data and estimates of mortality in the United States shows distribution differences by race/ethnicity. 
In Chicago, IL, rates of COVID-19 cases were greatest among Latino individuals, with 1000 cases per 100000 people. 
For African American/Black individuals, there were 925 COVID-19 cases per 100000 individuals.
For those with "other" races (not Latino, Black, or White) there were 865 COVID-19 cases per 1000000 individuals.
For White individuals, there were 389 COVID-19 cases per 100000 individuals. 

Racial Differences of Individuals with COVID-19, United States

COVID-19 and Gender by Geographic Location 

Research studies detailing the case demographics of patients with COVID-19 can be classified by their journal of publication. Notable journals publishing this research include Acta Paediatrica, Annals of Epidemiology, Frontiers in Pediatrics, Frontiers in Public Health, the Journal of the American Medical Association, The Journals of Gerontology, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, and the Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research.

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