- Euro Surveillance
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Journal of Infection
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Science Mission

COVID-19 Incubation Period References

Categorization for COVID-19 Incubation Period

It has been found by researchers that the release of interferons is necessary for the body to activate an immune response on encountering a virus. But on being exposed to the COVID-19 virus, the body doesn't increase the production of interferons as it does with other viral diseases and hence we do not see symptoms until 7-10 days after infection. It has been thought that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may hide its genomic material from being recognised in the alveolar macrophages, thereby not inducing the production of interferons. This allows the virus to spread further in the community before the appearance of symptoms. 

Why do symptoms of COVID-19 start appearing 7-10 days after infection?

The incubation period refers to the time from exposure to an infectious agent until the first sign of symptoms related to disease.
The incubation period for COVID-19 is thought to be 2 to 14 days.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Presence and severity of symptoms of COVID-19 depend largely on individual characteristics. COVID-19 produces both symptomatic and asymptomatic infection.

Symptomology of COVID-19 

COVID-19 Incubation Period

The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, tiredness, and dry cough. Some patients may have aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhea. These symptoms are usually mild and begin gradually. Most people (about 80%) recover from the disease without needing special treatment. 

Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection

- Asia
- Africa 
- North America
- South America
- Antarctica
- Europe
- Australia

Studies on the Serial Interval of COVID-19 Categorized by Continents 

- Acta Paediatrica
- American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM
- bioRxiv (Preprint)
- Frontiers in Pediatrics
- Immunological Reviews
- JAMA
- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- New England Journal of Medicine
- The Lancet
- Mycoses



References for Symptomology of COVID-19 Categorized by Journal

- Geographic Location
- Demographic Group

Categorizations of Symptomology of COVID-19

Several studies have shown that COVID-19 can be transmitted by individuals who do not show any symptoms, or who are "asymptomatic". Because asymptomatic individuals are not routinely tested, the prevalence of asymptomatic infection is not well-defined.

Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection

Currently, there is no FDA-approved, consistent treatment plan for COVID-19. Treatment depends on the severity of disease, the patient's ability to self-isolate, and the presence of other risk factors. Individuals with mild to moderate cases of COVID-19 are able to treat themselves at home without hospitalization or clinical care. If an individual is hospitalized, treatments will focus on managing the most common and severe COVID-19 complications. 

Therapeutic Treatment of COVID-19

key symptoms and biochemical/radiological features of clinical course of COVID-19

Clinical Course of COVID-19 (graphic)

- Gastrointestinal (GI) distress
- Sensorineural impairment
- Loss of smell and taste
- Dysregulated blood clotting
- Hepatitis
- Acute cardiac and renal injury irrespective of age and health status

Symptoms shown by individuals infected with COVID-19

Researchers have found 42.3% of people infected with COVID-19 still have symptoms after 30 days of infection, 33.8% after 60 days and 24.1% after 90 days. Infected people with more initial symptoms are more likely to have long term effects of the virus. Symptoms like anosmia, ageusia, difficulty concentrating, difficulty breathing, memory loss, confusion, headache, chest pain etc were significantly enriched in COVID-19 patients after 30 days. 

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