A CpG site on a genome is the term applied to cytosine and guanine appearing consecutively on the same strand of nucleic acid (i.e., cytosine-phosphodiester bond-guanine site). When CpG sites occur frequently in a region of the genome, the region is called a CpG island. These regions appear frequently at the start of promoters in eukaryotes and generally can indicate the presence of a coding region.

CpG Sites

CpG islands (or CG islands) are regions with a high frequency of CpG sites.

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Promoter sequences are DNA sequences that define where transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase begins. Transcription factor activators can also interact with this sequence to activate transcription. Promoter sequences are typically located directly upstream of the genes they regulate. 

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