Some cranial nerves are sensory, motor, or both. 

- I. Olfactory: smell (sensory)
- II. Optic: vision (sensory)
- III. Oculomotor: moves eye (motor)
- IV. Trochlear: moves eye (motor)
- V. Trigeminal: face sensation and chewing (both) 
- VI. Abducens: moves eye (motor)
- VII. Facial: tongue sensation and facial expressions (both)
- VIII. Vestibulocochlear: hearing and balance (sensory)
- IX. Glossopharyngeal: taste and throat muscles (both)
- X. Vagus: internal organ sensation and movement (both)
- XI. Spinal Accessory: neck muscles (motor)
- XII. Hypoglossal: tongue muscles (motor) 



The cranial nerves and their functions

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, on both the right and left sides of the body. They deal with sensory and motor systems of the head and neck and have direct access to the brain. 

Grinnell College

The main pathway through the body that controls movement and recieves sensory information. There are two anatomical groups of nerves that are part of the system - cranial nerves and spinal nerves. 

Somatic Nervous System

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Cranial nerves

There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves that branch out from the spine at regularly spaced intervals corresponding to the vertebrae. Each nerve consists of two functional branches, or roots, and serves as a conduit for both incoming sensory information and outgoing motor commands. The spine is also categorized in five segments
- cervical (neck)
- thoracic (trunk)
- lumbar (lower back)
- sacral (pelvic)
- coccygeal (bottom)

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