During cytokinesis in animal cells, the cytoplasm is divided into two daughter cells by the formation of a cleavage furrow, which forms as a contractile ring of actin microfilaments that pinches the cell membrane.

Cleavage Furrow in Animal Cytokinesis

During cytokinesis in plant cells, the cytoplasm is divided by the development of a cell plate between the two cells.

Cell Plate in Plant Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is the final stage of the mitotic phase characterized by the physical division and separation of the cytoplasm and other cellular components to produce two separate daughter cells.

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The mitotic phase is a multi-step sequence in the cell cycle during which duplicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, moved to opposite ends of the cell, and divided to form two identical daughter cells.

Mitotic Phase

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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Karyokinesis is the initial stage of the mitotic phase during which the cell nucleus divides through a sequence of distinct phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

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