Tolosana, R., Vera-Rodriguez, R., Fierrez, J., Morales, A., & Ortega-Garcia, J. (2020). Deepfakes and beyond: A survey of face manipulation and fake detection. Information Fusion, 64, 131-148.

State University of New York at Stony Brook

FAKE images and videos including facial information generated by digital manipulation, in particular with DeepFake methods, have become a great public concern recently. The very popular term “DeepFake” is referred to a deep-learning based technique able to create fake videos by swapping the face of a person by the face of another person.

DeepFake

DeepFakes and Beyond: A Survey of Face Manipulation and Fake Detection

Facial manipulations can be categorised in four main different groups regarding the level of manipulation from higher to lower. 

Entire Face Synthesis

Identity Swap

Attribute Manipulation

Expression Swap


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