Coffey, B., &amp; Luber, M. (2019, July 8). Definition and DSM-5: Classification: Tic disorders. News. Retrieved December 23, 2022, from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Definition-and-DSM-5-Classification-Tic-Disorders.aspx 

University of Texas at Austin

The causes of Tourette Syndrome are not clear, but there is evidence that it can be inhertied and that genetic factors are observed to be the most important factor in this diagnosis.
- Studies on Monozygotic twins show 53% concordance for TS and 77% for persistent (chronic) motor tics
- Studies on dizygotic twins show 8% concordance for TS and 23% concordance for persistent motor tics

Environmental factors such as sex-hormone exposure during brain development, psychosocial stressors, and perinatal insults are hypothesized to contribute to a multifactorial expression of TS.

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