Topics are concrete and the organization of the text is very clear and simple 

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Text with a simple text structure would be easy to recall, so the signaling devices would present little effects in improving the free recall. 

Simple text is already easy to recall 

Lorch, R. F., Lorch, E. P., &amp; Inman, W. E. (1993). Effects of signaling topic structure on text recall. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.85.2.281 

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