Repeated use of central nervous system depressants, such as alcohol, can lead to physical dependence, which manifests as tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Psychological dependence on these substances can also develop, contributing to their high potential for abuse.

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Depressants, also known as sedative-hypnotics, are a class of psychoactive drugs that suppress the activity of the central nervous system. Due to their quieting effect on the brain, they are often prescribed by medical professionals to manage conditions such as anxiety and insomnia.

Depressants (Sedative-Hypnotics)

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines are examples of depressant drugs.

Examples of Depressants

* Decreased heart rate
* Decreased blood pressure

Depressants Effects on the Body

* Low doses increase relaxation
* Low doses decrease inhibitions
* High doses can induce sleep
* High dose can cause motor disturbance
* High dose can cause memory loss
* High dose can cause decreased respiratory function, and death

Effects of Depressants when Used

Depressants, such as alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines, function as agonists of the gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system, producing a quieting effect on the brain. Their primary site of action is the GABA-gated chloride (Cl–) channel, which has multiple distinct receptor sites. These sites can bind not only to depressant drugs but also to GABA itself and to neurosteroids.

Depressants Mechanism of Action

Dependence and Abuse Potential of Depressants

Read the following scenario. Based on the observed effects, identify the most likely class of psychoactive substance involved and explain its fundamental effect on the central nervous system.

Symptom Analysis of Psychoactive Substance Use

Analyze the likely combined effect of the medication and alcohol on the patient's body. Explain the underlying physiological reason for this outcome and identify the most critical potential danger.

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