Lyophilization, also called freeze-drying, is another form of desiccation where the item is rapidly frozen and then tightly vacuum sealed to remove water. This form of desiccation preserves more qualities from the original item like flavor or smell.

Lyophilization

Dehydration is used to preserve foods like jerky or seaweed. It works by stripping the cell of water, preventing it from carrying out its metobolic processes. Drying controls microbial growth, however it does not kill all organisms or endospores, which can start to regrow when the water content is restored.

Austin Community College

We can use physical methods of microbial control to preserve our food by manipulating the physical environment to inhibit or prevent microbial growth.
Common control methods include:
- moisture control
- radiation
- filtration
- temperature control

Many of these methods kill cells by disrupting membranes, changing their permeability, or denaturing proteins.

Physical Ways to Control Microbial Growth

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Desiccation

Ionizing radiation and nonionizing radiation can be used to control microbial growth.

Radiation

Exposing microbes to either extreme heat or extreme cold is a very effective method of microbial control. Temperature control methods include 
- Sterilization
- Pasteurization
- Refrigeration
- Freezing

Temperature Control

Filtration involves physically separating microbes from samples. Air is commonly filtered through high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters that can be found in vacuum cleaners, air-conditioning systems, and air purifiers.

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