- Difference between specialist and general music education
- what are arts and music education for and how important are they to the success of a student?
- the extent to which music education should be pupil- or teacher-centred
- balance between musical learning in and out of school

Ohio State University, Columbus

A field of practice in which educators are trained for careers as elementary or secondary music teachers, school, or music conservatory ensemble directors. Music education is also a research area in which scholars do original research on ways of teaching and learning music.

Music Education

Hargreaves, D., Marshall, N., & North, A. (2003). Music education in the twenty-first century: A psychological perspective. British Journal of Music Education, 20(2), 147-163. doi:10.1017/S0265051703005357

Music education in the twenty-first century: a psychological perspective

- psychomotor domain (development of skills)
- cognitive domain 
- affective domain (learner's willingness to receive, internalize, and share what is learned)

Learning domains of Music Education

- Dalcroze method
- Kodály method
- Orff Schulwerk
- Suzuki method 

Major international music education methods

- Enhance cognitive achievement in students
- increase someone's overall IQ, especially in children during peak development years
- increase in precision of fine motor skills, social behaviors, and emotional well-being
- positive impacts of participation in youth orchestras and academic achievement and resilience

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