Dictyosomes are the individual, stacked membranous disks, each bounded by a single lipid bilayer, that make up the structure of the Golgi apparatus.

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The Golgi apparatus is an organelle within the endomembrane system that consists of a series of stacked, flat membranous disks. It receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum and uses enzymes to modify them, frequently by adding carbohydrate components to produce glycoproteins, glycolipids, or proteoglycans.

The Golgi Apparatus

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Dictyosomes

The Golgi apparatus was discovered within the endomembrane system in 1898 by the Italian scientist Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), who identified its stacked membranous structures using a unique staining technique in the cells of *Plasmodium*, the malaria pathogen.

Discovery of the Golgi Apparatus

Glycolipids and glycoproteins are molecular complexes formed when carbohydrates are attached to membrane lipids and proteins, respectively. These complexes are frequently inserted into the plasma membrane, where they function as cell surface receptors and are essential for signal recognition by other cells or infectious agents. The unique structure and arrangement of these molecules on the cell surface allow different cell types and species to be distinguished from one another.

Glycolipids and Glycoproteins

The cis face, or receiving face, of the Golgi apparatus is the region of the organelle that fuses with transport vesicles coming from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Cis Face of the Golgi Apparatus

The trans face, or outgoing face, of the Golgi apparatus is the region of the organelle from which new transport vesicles containing modified proteins and lipids pinch off to travel to the plasma membrane or other organelles.

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