- Boys reported higher levels of science self-efficacy than girls in 58% of countries.
- This was particularly true in more gender-equal countries
- boys overestimated their science self-efficacy in 49% of countries
- girls overestimated their science self-efficacy in on 7% of countries. 

Science Self-Efficacy & STEM Gender Gap

- Boys reported a stronger general interest in science than girls in 76% of countries.
- This was particularly true in more gender-equal countries

Broad Science Interest & STEM Gender Gap

- Boys expressed higher levels of enjoyment in science than girls in 43% of countries.
- This was more true in more gender-equal countries

Enjoyment of Science & STEM Gender Gap

There are sex differences in attitudes toward science which include:
- Science self-efficacy
- Broad interest
- Enjoyment 

San Jose State University

- General preferences
- Life values
- Personal views/beliefs
- Differences in academic strengths
- Differences in attitude

Proximal Factors that Influence Gender Gap in STEM  Education

Stoet, G., & Geary, D. C. (2018). The gender-equality paradox in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. Psychological science, 29(4), 581-593.

The gender-equality paradox in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education

Differences in Preferences & STEM Gender Gap

Differences in Science Attitudes & STEM Gender Gap

Consitent sex differences in intraindividual academic strength in science and reading. 

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