1. Low response rate to the online questionnaire.
2. Approaching individuals with disabilities through associations sponsored by or established under the permission of the state often resulted in delayed appointment times of 2-4 weeks due to administrative procedures required by these associations' management boards.
3. For qualitative research, many interviews were cancelled or declined because people are not fond of stranger.

Portland State University

The study sites were selected based on previous research and consultation with experts to recruit participants. Quantitative data was collected through online and paper questionnaires in four cities from people with disabilities aged 18 and above, resulting in 578 responses, of which 516 were valid. Qualitative research included in-depth interviews and group discussions.

Research Tools 

Zhang, W., Bjørnstøl, E., Ding, P., Gao, W., Liu, H., & Liu, Y. (2023). Disability, Sexuality, and Gender in Asia. In Routledge eBooks. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003170297

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