- Credit Cards (1950s) 
- ATM (1976) by Barclays Bank 
- Telephone banking (1983) from the Bank of Scotland 
- Internet Banking (1994) by Stanford Federal Credit Union
- RFID Payments (1997) 
- Chip and Pin Credit Cards (2005) 
- Apple Pay (2014) 

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Technological advancements in the late twentieth century and the early twenty-first century shifted how currency is stored and transferred between entities. These developments made it easier and quicker for currency to be exchanged between two parties and all follow a system of centralized finance. 




Digitalization of Currency 

Harvey, Campbell R., et al. “Defi and the Future of Finance.” SSRN, 15 Dec. 2020, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3711777. 

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