1. Omission vs. commission
2. Verbal vs. nonverbal 
3. Active vs. passive 
4. Intentional vs. unintentional
5. Cognitive vs. affective 

New York University

A pattern of behavior in which one insults, shames, and humiliates another individual in order to undermine their self worth and independence and often instill fear as a means of control. Common forms include derogatory words, hurtful names, monitoring and controlling a person's behavior, gaslighting, and constant criticism.

Verbal/Emotional Abuse

Hibbard, R., Barlow, J., MacMillan, H., Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect and American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Maltreatment and Violence Committee, Christian, C. W., Crawford-Jakubiak, J. E., ... & Sege, R. D. (2012). Psychological maltreatment. Pediatrics, 130(2), 372-378.

Psychological Maltreatment (Hibbard et al., 2012)

This type of abuse involves degrading a spouse or partner in public or private to make them feel inferior. 

Emotional Abuse as a Type of Domestic Violence

Parent, step-parent, or adult living in the home:
- Swore at child
- Insulted/put-down child
- Acted in a way that made child afraid they would be physically hurt

Examples of Emotional Abuse as an Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE)

 Dimensions of Psychological/Emotional Maltreatment

1. Spurning
2. Terrorizing
3. Isolating
4. Exploiting/corrupting
5. Denying emotional responsiveness
6. Neglecting mental/medical/educational needs

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