Someone who has a hostile attribution bias always believes that others are opposing them. Even when nothing has happened, children who possess this bias turn their thoughts into a self-fulfilling prophecy, which worsens their hostile attribution bias.

Hostile Attribution Bias

Dodge's information-processing theory of social problem solving centers on the role of cognitive processes in social behavior.  Dodge's main contribution to this theory was the concept of having a hostile attribution bias.

Haverford College in Pennsylvania

- Selman's Stage Theory of Role Taking
- Dodge's Information-Processing Theory of Social Problem Solving
- Dweck's Theory of Self-Attribution and Achievement Motivation
-Hierarchical Interdependent Taxonomy of Social Cognition model

Types of Information Processing Theories in Social Cognition

Siegler, R., Saffran, J. R., Eisenberg, N., Deloache, J., &amp; Gershoff, E. (2017). How Children Develop (5th ed.). Worth Publishers, Inc.

How Children Develop Textbook

Selman's theory of social cognition centered around the concept of role taking. Role taking is the ability for someone to think about anything from someone elses viewpoint.

Selman's Stage Theory of Role Taking in Social Cognition

Dodge's Information-Processing Theory of Social Problem Solving

Carol Dweck's theory of self-attribution centers on the concept of achievement motivation.  This goes hand-in-hand with the concepts of an incremental view of intelligence versus an entity view of intelligence.

Dweck's Theory of Self-Attribution and Achievement Motivation

The Hierarchical Interdependent Taxonomy of Social Cognition is a biopsychosocial model of social cognition that aims to incorporate expert opinion definitions, theoretical models, and empirical data. The model organizes social cognition as three levels of emotional perception and reasoning ranging from low-level processing to high-level processing:

1. Perception-ability to perceive emotions in oneself and others
2. Interpreting-ability to think about and predict one’s own and other’s mental states, includes mentalizing, theory of mind, attribution style, and empathy
3. Responding to social information-requires higher order cognitive abilities for moral reasoning, social knowledge, and emotion regulation

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