A 2011 study on 112 adolescents was conducted to investigate the connection between victims of domestic abuse and juvenile offenses. The mechanism used to measure this relationship was based on the ability of the individual to convert or express shame. It was found that participants who "converted shame," or redirected it into blaming others, were more exposed to abusive parenting and more prone to violent behaviors. The opposite was true for individuals that better expressed their shame.

Relationship Between Abuse and Delinquency

Teenagers and early adolescents', following exposure to domestic violence, commonly resort to skipping school, substance abuse, risky sexual behaviors, etc. This age group is especially prone to self-esteem issues, which can be indicated by instances of bullying and a degree of social ineptness.

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- Infants
- Preschool children
- School-aged children
- Adolescents

Psychological Manifestations of Domestic Trauma on Varying Age Groups

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Effects of domestic violence on children. Effects of domestic violence on children | Office on Women's Health. Retrieved October 23, 2022, from https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/domestic-violence/effects-domestic-violence-children#:~:text=Children%20who%20witness%20or%20are,-esteem%2C%20and%20other%20problems. 

Effects of domestic violence on children

Domestic Violence in Adolescents

Children of this age group often experience regressive behaviors typical of infancy. These can include thumb sucking, bed wetting, etc. Along with these symptoms, severe anxiety is another behavior associated with this circumstance.

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