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Drivers and Phase Changes in the Hydrologic Cycle

The cycling of water across Earth's systems is powered by energy from the sun and the downward force of gravity.

As water traverses the hydrologic cycle, it changes state and moves through multiple continuous pathways:

  • Evaporation and Transpiration: Thermal energy causes liquid water from oceans, land, and plants (via transpiration) to transition into water vapor in the atmosphere.
  • Condensation and Crystallization: As water vapor rises and cools in the atmosphere, it condenses or crystallizes to form clouds.
  • Precipitation and Downhill Flow: When droplets grow heavy enough, gravity pulls them down as precipitation (rain or snow), which then flows downhill across land surfaces and through waterways.

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Updated 2026-11-13

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Prep Sessions

Earth's Water Cycle and Global Precipitation Dynamics @ Honor

Ch.1 Fundamentals of the Hydrologic Cycle - Earth's Water Cycle and Global Precipitation Dynamics @ Honor

Earth's Spheres in the Hydrologic Cycle - Earth's Water Cycle and Global Precipitation Dynamics @ Honor