1) Hydrogels:
* Synthetic polymers which have the ability to swell.
* Especially used in drug delivery applications with less swelling controlled by factors such as polymer material, viscosity and shear stress.

2) Ceramic-based inks:
* High stiffness and provides a surface in bone tissue development.
* commonly used inks are Hydroxyapatite and Tricalcium phosphate which enhances the strength in scaffolds.

3) Polymer-based inks:
* Polylactic acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene  Styrene (ABS) are extensively used in 3d printing.
* Engineering applications, prototyping, assists in bone formation and regeneration.

4) Composite inks:
* Two major types hydrogels and polymer based inks enhances mechanical properties and bioactivity.
* Accelerates healing and primarily used in tissue engineering applications.

Note: Current bio inks has limited alteration in properties and i future it may applied to vast number of applications.

Different types of Bio-inks in 3d printing

Optimizes drug development cost and time of vaccine approval. compatible to work both on 3d nature of human tissues and 2d cell structures.

Accelerated covid-19 vaccine production with use of ceramic 3d printing & faster FDA approvals.


Lawrence Technological University

Dental implants:
*The problem of conventional manual process of manufacturing dental implants is solved with the emergence of 3d printing technology.
*Earlier the conventional process was a costly process with the 3d printing technology it has got drastically reduced.

Tissue engineering:
Assembly of vascularized 3D soft organs remains an enormous challenge  so with the emergence of organ 3d printing technology this problem is minimized with ability to print living human organs of any shape and complexity.

Bio-printing:
*Ear- prosthetics, prosthetic legs, 3d printed brain, and 3d skull are extensively used for research and development purpose.
*This technique has allowed for accurate personalized manufacturing of devices which are created to the patient’s own specifications.

Explanation:

*Optimizes drug development cost and time of vaccine approval.
*compatible to work both on 3d nature of human tissues and 2d cell structures.
* Accelerated covid-19 vaccine production with use of ceramic 3d printing & faster FDA approvals.



Drug delivery with use of 3d printing:

https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/3d-printing-fdas-rapid-response-covid-19

https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/418142-accelerating-vaccine-production-with-ceramic-3d-printing

https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/3d-printing-medical-devices-accessories-components-and-parts-during-covid-19-pandemic



REFERENCE ARTICLES:

* https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/3d-printing-fdas-rapid-response-covid-19

* https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/418142-accelerating-vaccine-production-with-ceramic-3d-printing

* https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/3d-printing-medical-devices-accessories-components-and-parts-during-covid-19-pandemic


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