Similar to echo chambers, filter bubbles supply social media users with information coinciding with their preexisting beliefs through the use of specific algorithms, which provide users with more content related to previous content users had interacted with. Filter bubbles foster greater polarization as users are less likely to be introduced to new information.

Filter Bubbles

- low extraversion
- high emotional stability
- low agreeableness
- low conscientiousness
- high openness

Echo Chamber User Personality Traits

Found within social media platforms, echo chambers are categories of users who all share similar beliefs but are not exposed to varying viewpoints from their own, which can result in more division between users falling into different echo chambers.

Saint Louis University

Due to the growing usage of social media in recent years, the prevalence of fake news has become more worrisome due to a wide variety of factors, such as the wide accessibility of social media platforms to spread fake news, a lower reliance on mainstream media, and higher hostility between political groups in western nations.

Fake News in the Digital Age

Ackland, R., & Gwynn, K. (2020). Truth and the dynamics of news diffusion on twitter. In R. Greifeneder, M. Jaffé, E. J. Newman, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), The psychology of fake news: Accepting, sharing, and correcting misinformation (pp. 27–46). London: Routledge. 

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