We can compare how different species exploit ecological niches, which can lead to a deeper understanding of a species evolutionary framework. Species with different histories show solutions to challenges of survival and reproduction, which can inform us about brain function. 

Comparing Species

A unique set of environmental opportunities or challenges to which an organism is adapted. Different animals have evolved neural behaviors and mechanisms to allow them to maneuver ecological niches. 

University of California, Davis

- While evolution allows for modifications to occur in species over time, only the most advantageous modifications will be passed on to the descendants of a population over time 
- This is known as natural selection, first described by Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

Evolution through Natural Selection

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

- A specific modification (to a certain trait)  that is most likely to be passed on during the process of natural selection, and will be seen in the majority of the population 

Adaptations 

- A type of natural selection in which one sex may favor certain traits of another sex as they choose someone to reproduce with 

Sexual Selection 

Ecological Niche

- Heritable Traits
- More offspring are produced than can survive
- offspring vary in heritable traits

Darwin's Key Observations of Natural Selection

Natural selection depends on an environment and what traits are superior within that environment. Traits favorable in one environment may be harmful in another. The environment provides the context of natural selection. 

Natural Selection within an Environment

Charles Darwin was a British naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection, defining it as 'descent with modification.' He published his theories in his influential book 'On the Origin of Species.' A well-known painted portrait captures his appearance during the period he developed his theories.

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