Key Factors in the Montreal Protocol's Success

Broad Societal and Industrial Transformation Required for Climate Action

Which of the following statements best analyzes a key difference that contributed to the success of the international agreement to protect the ozone layer, in contrast to the persistent challenges in negotiating agreements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

Match each descriptive factor to the international environmental effort it most accurately characterizes.

Predicting International Agreement Success

The international effort to protect the ozone layer was more successful than efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions primarily because the scientific consensus on ozone depletion was much stronger than the consensus on climate change.

Economic Factors in Environmental Agreements

While the international agreement on ozone protection benefited from readily available technological substitutes for the targeted chemicals, the primary obstacle for similar progress on climate change is the lack of a single replacement for fossil fuels, which necessitates a far more disruptive and ________ transformation of the entire economy.

From an economic perspective, which of the following provides the most critical explanation for why the international treaty to protect the ozone layer achieved its goals, while efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions have faced significant hurdles?

A policy analyst argues, 'The international treaty that successfully addressed ozone layer depletion is a direct blueprint for tackling climate change. The core strategy—a global ban on harmful substances—can be directly applied to greenhouse gases.' Based on the key differences between these two environmental challenges, which of the following statements provides the most robust critique of the analyst's argument?

Designing Policy for a New Environmental Threat