Essay

Economic Trade-offs of Climate Adaptation Strategies

A small, low-lying island nation, heavily reliant on coastal tourism, faces the certain loss of significant land area due to rising sea levels over the next 50 years. As an economic advisor, you are asked to analyze two potential policy responses:

  1. Fortification: Constructing extensive coastal defenses like seawalls and levees.
  2. Managed Retreat: Systematically relocating populations and economic assets inland.

Compare and contrast the economic costs and benefits of these two strategies. Your analysis should distinguish between short-term and long-term impacts.

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Updated 2025-08-23

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