Something out of place—for example, clusters of neurons seen in unusual positions in the cortex of someone suffering from dyslexia.

University of Pittsburgh

A postmortem study of the brains of people with significant dyslexia revealed striking anomalies in the arrangement of cortical neurons, including unusual groupings of cells in outer layers of the cerebral cortex and distortions of the layers and columns in which cortex is normally organized. Excessive cortical folding (micropolygyria) and nests of extra cells ectopias were observed.

The Effects of Dyslexia on the Brain

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Ectopia

A condition of the brain in which small regions are characterized by more gyri than usual.

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