- Primary Deviance- Commit a crime to solve a problem


Primary Deviance as Defined by Edwin Lemert's Labeling Theory

- Secondary Deviance- Committing crime after internalizing the criminal label from the primary deviance, seeing themselves as a criminal

Secondary Deviance as Defined by Edwin Lemert's Labeling Theory

- Becoming a deviant person happens in steps, initially through the Primary Deviant action and then the progression to Secondary Deviance


Ohio State University, Columbus

- Environment and personality prevent people from committing crimes

Social Control Theories Definition

Schmalleger, F. (2014). Criminology (The Justice Series). Criminology (2nd ed.). Pearson. https://archive.org/details/criminology0000schm. 

Criminology (The Justice Series)

- Travis Hirschi
- Delinquency occurs when peoples bonds are broken or weakended

Social Bond Theory

- Charles R. Tittles
- Control ratio- control exerted on you v control you exert on them
- Have a surplus of control more likely to commit white-collar crime
- Have a deficit of control more likely to commit crimes to escape repressions like rape and homicide
- People commit deviance when people see thet can fix ratio

Control Balance Theory

- It's impossible to predict crime
- Internal and Extrenal containment
- Lack self-esteemt you do not have internal contaiment to prevent crime

Walter Reckless Containment Theory

- When people are insulted they lose motivation to confirm and eventually turn to crime

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