Research in developmental psychology has shown that different parenting styles can significantly impact a child's well-being and developmental outcomes.

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This refers to the idea that families and parental relationships with children can have a lasting impact on adolescent development due to these often being the first interactions a child experiences in life. 

Family Influences

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Conflicts in parent-child relationships, specifically during early to late adolescence, stems from a difference in expectations with:

• autonomy
• responsibility
• authority
    
 Parents have a tendency to want their children to slow down and want to keep their authority, while children tend to prefer autonomy.
  
 This can be further explored in:

  • mother-daughter relationships
  

Conflicts in the Parent-Child Relationship

https://www.jstor.org/stable/40295892?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

Susan J.T. Branje: Conflict management in mother-daughter
 interactions in early adolescence (reference) 

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25592090.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A0e6615c93e6b0d3c68da9a5852131e88 

Holly E. Recchia and Nina Howe: Associations Between Social Understanding, Sibling Relationship Quality, and Siblings'  Conflict Strategies and Outcomes
(reference)


Qualities of sibling relationships, specifically during middle childhood, can impact or infer a child's level of social understanding and conflict behavior. Sibling interactions during conflict can help determine the positive or negative qualities of the relationship.

Conflicts in Sibling Relationships

Family influence in learning

This study analyzed the impact of both maternal and paternal warmth and control and peer relationships on prosocial behavior and aggression through SEM analysis 

Parent and peer relation to prosocial behavior and aggression study

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3654379.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_search_gsv2%252Fcontrol&refreqid=excelsior%3A9d72e11e1bdaf2bf675846d13e356af2

Effects of Poverty and Maternal Depression on Early Child Development

Warm and healthy relationships between parents and their adolescent children are correlated with beneficial outcomes for the teen. These positive effects include better academic performance and fewer behavioral issues at school, a trend observed across various countries.

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