Markus Langer, Kevin Baum and Nadine Schlicker (2025). Minds and Machines, 35, article 1. Published online 5 November 2024.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-024-09701-0

This theoretical paper examines human oversight during AI-system operation or later inspection, focusing on detection of inaccurate or unfair outputs. It proposes signal detection theory as an analytical framework. It is not an experiment demonstrating that human oversight reliably succeeds.