https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131519301435?casa_token=mft8BwHzitoAAAAA:bvZbyzBC9Q30HmNdx-J2e_o78M6mT-eSUqgxQmlGpZmbgErNUiI7O1RV63_LTOhHrCaWGGQnjg

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131515300087?casa_token=qIkiHQhJmocAAAAA:Nz_RF0nthXlU9Qr6oFQpY0XU2XYLfGOc8j56UW9Ao0vmCyWPgwdN841u7Qn6EiOvfjjtbRQi0w

Columbia University

Remote labs let students remotely control real physical laboratory equipment at a university. Reported benefits include accessibility, lower costs, opportunities to collaborate with peers abroad, a greater sense of student autonomy, and the ability for a teacher to supervise several groups at once. Research on learning outcomes finds that students learn well from essentially any type of lab, with motivational and social factors strongly shaping results; remote labs appear about as effective as hands-on labs even though students tend to rate them as less effective. Advocates of in-person labs emphasize the value of learning to reconcile and explain differences between expected and experimental results, while advocates of remote labs emphasize that easy repeatability can foster deeper learning.

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