Decline in natural food resources and abundance of flowering resources in urban gardens led to large colonies of bats in Eastern Australia, which are hosts for the Hendra virus.

Example of Resource Provisioning

Resource provisioning is the clumping of resources that occurs in local and landscape scales such as informal livestock keeping. This can lead to an increase of pathogen hosts/vectors.

University of California, Davis

Before urbanization, the interaction between wildlife, livestock, and human is less frequent because the territories of wildlife and humans rarely overlaps. However, urbanization forced wildlife to flee from their territories or reside with the human population. Such fragmentation of natural biomes due to urbanization led to a mix of habitats and consequences that changed disease epidemiology. Two of which are:
- Creation of ecotones
- Resource Provisioning

Changes in the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface in Urban Landscape

Hassell, James M, et al. “Urbanization and Disease Emergence: Dynamics at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface.” Trends in Ecology &amp; Evolution, Elsevier Science Publishers, Jan. 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5214842/. 

Urbanization and Disease Emergence: Dynamics at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface.

Edges or transitional zones between adjacent ecological systems where biophysical factors, biological activity, and ecological evolutionary processes are concentrated and intensified

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