Interdependence of Firm Decisions and Aggregate Outcomes in the WS-PS Model

The WS-PS Equilibrium as a Nash Equilibrium

Combining WS-PS Model with Lorenz Curve for Policy Assessment

The WS-PS Model as a Model of Income Distribution

Adapting the WS-PS Model for Tax Analysis using the Real Post-Tax Consumption Wage

Adapting the WS-PS Model for Imported Material Costs

Limitations of the WS-PS Model

The WS-PS Model as the Fundamental Driver of Inflation

Conceptual Framework of the WS-PS Model

Graphical Representation of the WS-PS Model

Integrating the WS-PS and Multiplier Models to Explain Business Cycles

In an economy where wages are determined by bargaining between firms and workers, and prices are set by firms adding a markup over their labor costs, imagine that a widespread decrease in market competition allows all firms to sustainably increase their price markup. Based on this change alone, what is the predicted impact on the economy's equilibrium?

Equilibrium Unemployment in the Wage-Price Setting Framework

Evaluating a Labor Market Policy

In an economy where equilibrium is determined by the interaction of a wage-setting relationship and a price-setting relationship, consider a scenario where a wave of mergers permanently reduces the level of competition in the product market. Assuming no other changes, what is the resulting impact on the economy's equilibrium real wage and equilibrium level of employment?

Consider an economy where wage and price levels are determined by the interplay between firms' price-setting behavior and workers' wage-setting demands. If the government significantly increases the generosity and duration of unemployment benefits, how would this policy change be represented in the standard wage-setting/price-setting framework, and what would be the resulting effect on the equilibrium level of unemployment?

Analyzing Economic Trends with the WS-PS Framework

True or False: In an economic model where equilibrium is determined by the interaction of a wage-setting curve and a price-setting curve, a new government policy that significantly increases the bargaining power of labor unions will result in a higher equilibrium real wage and a higher equilibrium level of employment.

In an economic model where firms set prices as a markup over wage costs and workers' wage demands increase with the level of employment, consider a situation where the prevailing real wage is higher than the level consistent with firms' target profit margins. Which of the following outcomes is the most likely immediate reaction from firms?

In the context of an economic model that determines the equilibrium real wage and employment level by linking the labor market and the goods market, match each component of the model to its correct description.

In a model of the aggregate economy, the equilibrium real wage and employment level are determined by the interaction of two key relationships. One relationship, the 'wage-setting curve', reflects how wages are determined by labor market conditions. The other, the 'price-setting curve', reflects how firms set prices based on their costs and the competitive environment. Match each economic event below to its most direct impact on one of these curves.

The WS-PS Model as a Framework for Income Distribution

In an economic framework where firms determine prices by setting a markup over their wage costs, a decrease in the real wage level that is consistent with firms' pricing decisions necessarily implies that the share of output per worker claimed by firms as profit has increased.

In an economic framework where the equilibrium real wage and employment are determined by the interaction of a wage-setting (WS) relationship and a price-setting (PS) relationship, consider a situation where the level of employment is temporarily above the equilibrium level. Arrange the following events in the correct chronological order to show how the economy adjusts back towards equilibrium.

In an economy described by a wage-setting (WS) and price-setting (PS) framework, suppose a temporary surge in demand pushes employment above its equilibrium level. Arrange the following events in the logical sequence that describes how the economy would adjust back towards its equilibrium.

Impact of Income Tax on Labor Market Equilibrium

In the economic framework that determines the equilibrium real wage and employment level, the point where the wage-setting and price-setting curves intersect represents a stable outcome where no single economic agent (firm, employed worker, or unemployed person) has an incentive to unilaterally change their behavior. This type of stable outcome is known as a(n) ____ equilibrium.

Analyzing a Productivity Shock in the WS-PS Framework

In an economic model where the equilibrium real wage and employment are determined by the interaction of an upward-sloping wage-setting (WS) curve and a horizontal price-setting (PS) curve, consider the introduction of a new government policy that significantly increases the value and duration of unemployment benefits. Which of the following correctly describes the resulting change in the model's equilibrium?

Deducing the Nash Equilibrium in the Anil and Bala Game

Nash's Proof of the Existence of an Equilibrium

Nash Equilibrium in Chess

Roger Myerson's Assessment of the Nash Equilibrium

Dominant Strategy Equilibrium

Multiple Nash Equilibria

Foundational Importance of Game Theory and Nash Equilibrium for Economic Modeling

The WS-PS Equilibrium as a Nash Equilibrium

Consider two competing firms, Firm A and Firm B, who must simultaneously decide whether to set a 'High Price' or a 'Low Price' for their identical products. The table below shows the profits (in thousands of dollars) for each firm based on their decisions. The first number in each cell is Firm A's profit, and the second is Firm B's profit.

Which of the following statements accurately identifies the stable outcome of this interaction and provides the correct reasoning?

Analyzing Strategic Stability

Environmental Policy Dilemma

In a strategic interaction, an outcome is considered a Nash Equilibrium if, and only if, it represents the single best possible payoff for every individual player.

Two competing tech companies, InnovateCorp and TechGiant, are deciding whether to invest in a new, risky technology ('Invest') or stick with their current technology ('Don't Invest'). The table below shows the potential profits (in millions) for each company based on their simultaneous decisions. The first number in each cell represents InnovateCorp's profit, and the second represents TechGiant's profit.

Analyze each of the four possible outcomes and match it with the correct description.

Analyzing Strategic Instability

Two coffee shops, 'The Daily Grind' and 'Espresso Yourself,' must simultaneously decide whether to set a 'High Price' or a 'Low Price'. The table shows the daily profits (in hundreds of dollars) for each shop. The first number in each cell is The Daily Grind's profit, and the second is Espresso Yourself's profit.

Analyze the outcome where both shops choose 'High Price'. Why is this specific outcome not a stable equilibrium?

Stability versus Collective Optimality

Identifying Multiple Stable Outcomes

To find the Nash Equilibrium in a two-player game using a payoff matrix, an analyst follows a systematic process of identifying each player's best responses. Arrange the following steps into the correct logical sequence to find all Nash Equilibria.

Consider two competing coffee shops, 'Bean Haven' and 'Espresso Express', that must simultaneously decide whether to offer a 'Discount' or maintain 'Standard Pricing'. The table below shows the daily profits for each shop based on their combined decisions. The first number in each pair is Bean Haven's profit, and the second is Espresso Express's profit.

Which of the following statements best analyzes the outcome where both shops choose to offer a 'Discount'?

Strategic Pricing at the Farmer's Market

Analyzing Strategic Decisions

In a strategic game between two firms, Firm A and Firm B, consider the outcome where Firm A chooses 'High Price' and Firm B chooses 'Low Price'. If, from this position, Firm A could increase its profit by switching to 'Low Price' (while Firm B's choice remains unchanged), then the outcome ('High Price', 'Low Price') constitutes a Nash Equilibrium.

Two technology firms, Innovate Corp and Future Tech, are simultaneously deciding which of two new software platforms, 'Helios' or 'Apollo', to adopt. Their success depends on which platform becomes the industry standard. The payoff matrix below shows the profits for each firm (Innovate Corp, Future Tech) based on their choices. Analyze the matrix to identify all the stable outcomes where neither firm has an incentive to change its decision on its own.

Constructing a Strategic Game

Match each game theory term to its correct description based on the principles of strategic interaction.

In a strategic game, an outcome is considered a Nash Equilibrium if no single player can improve their payoff by ________ changing their strategy, assuming all other players' strategies remain unchanged.

Two firms, Firm A and Firm B, must simultaneously choose a pricing strategy. The payoff matrix below shows their profits (Firm A, Firm B) for each combination of choices. Which statement provides the most accurate analysis of the outcome where both firms choose 'High Price'?

To find the Nash Equilibrium in a two-player game represented by a payoff matrix, one must systematically identify where players' choices are mutual best responses. Arrange the following steps into the correct logical sequence for this analytical process.