Disease: Scarlet fever

Organism: Streptococcus pyogenes 

Effects in vivo: causes vasodilation, leads to scarlet fever rash. Kills phagocytes and enables bacteria to survive. 

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- Tetanus Toxin

- Diptheria Toxin

- Clostridial-𝛼 Toxin

- Cholera Toxin

- Anthrax Toxic Complex

- Botulinum Toxin

- Pertussis Toxin/Tracheal Cytotoxin

- Erythrogenic Toxin/Leukocidin Streptolysins

- Staphylococcal Enterotoxin

- Toxic-shock Syndrome Toxin

List of Bacterial Toxins

Parham, P. (2009). Vaccination to Prevent Infectious Disease. In 1145902806 862124677 J. Foltin (Ed.), The Immune System (3rd ed., pp. 439-440). New York, New York: Garland Science, Taylor &amp; Francis Group.

The Immune System

Disease: Tetanus

Organism: Clostridium tetani

Effects in vivo: Blocks inhibitory neuron action and leads to chronic muscle contractions 

Tetanus Toxin

Erythrogenic Toxin/Leukocidin Streptolysins

Disease: Toxic shock syndrome

Organism: Staphylococcus aureus 

Effects in vivo: causes hypotension and skin loss. It is also a potent T-cell mitogen. 

Toxic-shock Syndrome Toxin

Disease: Food poisoning

Organism: Staphylococcus aureus 

Effects in vivo: Acts on intestinal neurons to induce vomiting. It is also a potent T-cell mitogen. 

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin

Disease: Anthrax

Organism: Bacillus anthracis 

Effects in vivo: Increases vascular permeability, leads to edema, hemorrhage and circulatory collapse

Anthrax Toxic Complex

Disease: Cholera

Organism: Vibrio cholerae

Effects in vivo: Activates adenylate cyclase, elevates cAMP in cells, leads to changes in intestinal epithelial cells that cause loss of water and electrolytes 

Cholera Toxin

Disease: Diphtheria 

Organism: Corynebacterium diphtheriae 

Effects in vivo: inhibits protein synthesis, leads to epithelial cell damage and myocarditis

Diphtheria Toxin

Disease: Botulism 

Organism: Clostridium botulinum 

Effects in vivo: Blocks release of acetylcholine, leads to paralysis

Botulinum Toxin

Disease: Gas Gangrene

Organism: Clostridium perfringens

Effects in vivo: phospholipase activation, leads to cell death

Clostridial-𝛼 Toxin

Disease: Whooping cough

Organism: Bordetella pertussis

Effects in vivo: ADP-ribosylation of G proteins, leads to lymphocytosis. Inhibits ciliar movement and causes epithelial cell loss. 

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