- Ethereum Accounts
- Transactions
- Messages
- Ethereum State Transition Function
- Code Execution
- Blockchain and Mining
- Ethereum's Functionality
- Ethereum's Design

Key Ethereum Terms

- Token Systems
- Financial derivatives and Stable-Value Currencies
- Identity and Reputation Systems
- Decentralized File Storage
- Decentralized Autonomous Organizations
- Further Applications


Ethereum Applications

- Modified GHOST Implementation
- Fees
- Computation and Turing-Completeness
- Currency and Issuance
- Mining Centralization
- Scalability


Ethereum Concerns

- Ethereum Whitepaper
- Ethereum Name Service (ENS)
- Go-Ethereum for electronic voting system using clique as proof-of-authority

Ethereum References

The Ethereum governance refers to the way and process to make changes to the protocol, this protocol isn't controlled by someone. Therefore, decisions under the protocol are extremely important since so many people and project depends on it, that's why either decision making or core changes, this process considers social and technical criteria and it's also supported totally by the community.

Ethereum Governance

Is an updated version of the Ethereum network that aims to improve several features of the existing network
Some of the features of Ethereum 2.0 include:
- **Proof of Stake**: replaces *Proof of Work*
- **Sharding**.
- **Virtual Machine Update**.
- **Scalability**.
- **Security**.

Ethereum 2.0

Ether is the native cryptocurrency used fundamentally for payment transaction fees on the Ethereum network, then after the **Merge** it's also used for validate and propose blocks on Mainnet. The pricing mechanism for Ethereum's computing power is facilitated by the ether cryptocurrency. In order for transactions to be validated on the blockchain, users are required to pay ether, known as gas fees, which depends on computing power required for running a transaction


Ether (ETH)

Ethereum supports Proof of Stake and uses validators instead of miners, blocks are randomly selected by a validator to propagare this block to the network and consequently add it to the network through the assembly process. Unlike other blockchain, Blocks support of creation of smart contracts using a system of gas for the execution of them.

Ethereum Blocks

It's the runtime Environment for executing smart contracts and running transaction on the Ethereum Virtual Machine, designed to be Turing Complete, which means the EVM can run any program given enough resources. It allows developers to write and deploy smart contracts than are self-executing based on the agreement reached by the user.
The EVM exist as a single entity maintained by thousand of connected computers running an Ethereum Client software.

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)

A Ethereum node is a device that is connected to the Ethereum network and helps maintain the network by validating transactions and blocks. A node can be any device, such as a personal computer, a server, or a mobile device, that runs **Ethereum client** software and connects to the Ethereum network.

Ethereum Node

Ethereum is alternative protocol to Bitcoin for building decentralized applications.   

It is open-source, has smart-contract functionality, and allows users to create their own arbitrary rules for ownership, transaction formats and state transition functions.

University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Tracks and records transactions of assets through utilizing a shared, decentralized ledger. Used to reduce the risks and costs of tracking and trading things of value.

Blockchain

Buterin, Vitalik. (2013). A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized  

Application Platform. https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/


Ethereum Whitepaper

- Cost-effective
- Efficient
- Safe and secure
- Building trust
- Business benefits

Advantages of blockchain

- Consensus
- Provenance
- Immutability
- Finality

Characteristics of blockchain networks

- Financial Services
- Insurance
- Government
- Supply Chain Management
- Healthcare
- The Internet of Things (IoT)
- Web3
- DeFi
- Music Industry
- Land Registration
- Business
- Video games

Blockchain Use Cases

- Blocks and blockchain networks
- Distributed ledgers
- Participants
- Assets, transactions, and channels
- Consensus
- Smart contracts and chaincode
- Peer-to-peer replication
- Digital signatures
- Cryptographic hashes
- Wallet

Blockchain Key Terms

- Blockchain For Dummies® IBM Limited Edition 
- Mastering Blockchain: Deeper Insights into Decentralization, Cryptography, Bitcoin, and Popular Blockchain Frameworks
- Get started with blockchain: Explore the basics of blockchain and get started building a solid foundation
- The Blockchain Technology on the Music Industry
- Blockchain Without Waste: Proof-of-Stake
- Blockchain for Business Whitepaper (MIT)
- Blockchain Technology for Healthcare: Facilitating the Transition to Patient-Driven Interoperability
- Decentralized Finance: On Blockchain and Smart Contract-Based Financial Markets
- Blockchain basics: Introduction to distributed ledgers
- Merkle Tree
- Some Simple Economics of the Blockchain
- Blockchainizing Food Law: Implications for Food Safety, Traceability, and Sustainability
- The ICO Gold Rush
-Blockchain Technology and Decentralized Governance: Is the State Still Necessary?

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