-  mRNA 5’ capping  - the cap is a 7-methylguanisin residue that binds to the transcripts with a  5’ nucleotide with a triphosphate bridge 
- The mRNA cap also identifies the translation start site on the mRNA. It is applied using several enzymes
- PolyA tail – about 250 base pair ; terminates the 3’ end o f the RNA transcript. 
- There are two cleavage factors to cleave the RNA and then a RNA polymerase elongates the mRNA and the polyA tail is added through a separate RNA polymerase. 
o	Splicing introns  - at this point the RNA is pre-mRNA – The RNA is combined with expressed and unexpressed genes 
o	pre-mRNA is processed by excising intervening sequences (introns) and expressed sequences (exons) that are then spliced or joined together. 


Eukaryotic RNA transcription (Post Transcription)

- Termination sites are not as precise as in prokaryotes. This is not necessary because the RNA transcript goes through post translational processing that requires cleaving the product at specific sites.  

Grand Valley State University

- Elongation proceeds 5’ -> 3’ in nucleus 

Eukaryotic RNA Transcription (Elongation)

Voet, D., Voet, J. G., & Pratt, C. W. (2013). Chapter 26: Transcription and RNA Processing. In Fundamentals of biochemistry: Life at the molecular level (4th ed., pp. 919-957). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved April 4, 2021, from archive.org.

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